A strangely patterned stone disk could be an ancient star map representing one of the world’s oldest depictions of the night sky, according to a recent discovery that has sparked debate among experts.
The stone, which has nearly 30 carvings on its front and back, was discovered several years ago near the ancient Lupine Piccolo protohistoric hillfort in northeastern Italy.According to a study published in the journal Astronomical memothis mark may indicate the location of the brightest star visible to the ancient night sky observers who carved it at least 2,400 years ago.
The mystery of Lupine Piccolo’s strange stone tablet
The extensive ruins of Castello Lupinpiccolo, located near the border between northwestern Italy and Slovenia, were first recorded at the end of the 19th century. A huge ancient fortification protected by massive walls 7 meters wide, no archaeological excavations were carried out until almost a century after its first discovery.
In addition to the stones used in the construction of the fortress, small round stone artifacts were discovered in the collection sent to the National Archaeological Museum of Aquileia.
Among the round artifacts, a pair of limestone discs were discovered near the southeast entrance of Castelier. One of his discs has no markings, but the other is covered with a rough carved pattern, the meaning of which remained a mystery at the time the disc was discovered. .
Now, according to Paolo Molaro, an astronomer and former director of the Trieste Observatory, and Federico Bernardini, an archaeologist at the Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, 29 Nine of the markings appear to have been in good condition. It matches the constellations that would have been visible in the sky at the time it was carved.
“Along with Rigel and Betelgeuse, we found nine signatures matching the tail of Scorpius and five signatures matching the belt of Orion,” Molaro and Bernardini wrote in a recent paper. Additionally, nine etchings on the same side of the stone appear to roughly match the location of the Pleiades star cluster, while the other side of the artifact has a series of marks that researchers have associated with the constellation Cassiopeia.
Molaro and Bernardini said the stone’s markings reflect how constellations such as Scorpius and Orion appeared in the night sky during the time the fort was built, believed to be between 1800 B.C. and 400 B.C. This is consistent with the fact that it would have appeared in
In total, the 28 marks covering the stone “indicate a Pearson correlation coefficient with the star’s position greater than 0.99.” This shows the correlation coefficient that a statistician uses to measure the linear correlation between his two data sets, adding that the probability of a false correlation is “less than 0.001.” ”
Unidentified celestial object in ancient star maps?
However, there are other markings on the reverse side of the stone that are not easily discernible with known celestial features.
“One mark slightly north of Orion cannot be identified,” the researchers wrote, acknowledging that this isolated, unidentified mark “casts doubt on the overall picture.”
As a possible solution, they suggest that the out-of-place object’s features, if they were actually represented by sculptors thousands of years ago, “could be a precursor to a failed supernova.” “Therefore, it also offers possibilities.” About verification. ”
Although the authors present several compelling possibilities in their paper, the claim that the lupine piccoloite may represent one of the world’s oldest star maps is not supported by other experts. I’m facing backlash from home.
An ancient star map or just a guess?
Dr. Ed Krupp, director of Griffith Observatory, is considered a leading expert in the field of archaeoastronomy, which studies the intersection of archeology and astronomy through research into how ancient cultures viewed the sky. Masu. Recently, Krupp had already expressed doubts about the arguments presented by Molaro and Bernardini in their paper.
“The author’s own statements inform us that the agreement between the stone marks and the stars in the sky is not very good, even though the Pearson correlation coefficient claims to support this notion.” Krupp said. Debriefing session on mail. “I can’t discuss the statistical case here, but I don’t think it’s necessary or relevant.”
“Statistical arguments suggest that there is something out there that doesn’t seem to be there, and that can happen in such an analysis,” Krupp added.
In response to Dr. Krupp’s claims, Mr. Molaro said: Debriefing session Krupp’s assessment of his study “does not go into the merits of the statistical analysis underlying the results,” he felt, and beyond this aspect of the paper, he and Bernardini did not provide any evidence for their conclusions. said that it provides more than just statistical results. .
“Why do the Orion and Scorpion Tail asterisms have the same scale, even though they were replicated at different times?” Molaro said. “Why do they all face the same direction in the sky? Why are they perfect for everyone and only the brightest stars?”
“Why are only the most popular asterisms and those traditionally seen in many cultures on Earth reproduced?” Molaro added. “We have shown a possible explanation supported by statistics and further consideration.”
Krupp admits that some of the flea tracks do resemble star patterns in the constellations Orion and Scorpius, as Molaro claims, but the author himself was unable to match them. In addition to the unexplained signatures, they also point out that there are some outliers among known astronomical objects.
“It seems strange that Scorpius has at least four marks that don’t match any of the bright stars,” Krupp said. Debriefing session. “And you would expect Antares, which is not only the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius, but also one of the brightest in the entire sky, to be clearly marked. It’s not.
“Why are there two stars that may have misplaced Antares? That’s actually the problem.”
“If we can represent a significant part of the Scorpius estate, Antares should be clear,” Krupp said.
The debate and science continues
Krupp raised several issues with Molaro and Bernardini’s findings in their paper, but while maintaining Molaro and Bernardini’s resulting reputation, he said “There is a pretty solid statistical argument that the tracks correspond to the actual formation of stars in the sky.” “It just doesn’t match up with what you can tell just by looking at the disc.”
“It is no exaggeration to say that this paper is serious research,” Krupp asserts. “It provides a wealth of disciplined archaeological context and makes the data and analytical methods very clear. I have no objection to the seriousness of the author’s intentions.”
“But I think the possibility of celestial representations in the chisel marks was too appealing to them.”
In light of Krupp’s stance on the findings, Molaro said: Debriefing session The backlash he and Bernardini received from the archaeological astronomical community was somewhat understandable.
“Considering the complete lack of information about the cultural level of these people who lived in the hill region between 2000 BC and 400 BC, this discovery could raise many questions in the astronomical archeology community. It’s not surprising that there is,” Molaro said. Unique features on a disc indicate that the disc had significance to its creator.
“The fact remains that the pair of disks found near the entrance to the castle were made by humans and not natural, and must have had special meaning to these people,” Molaro said. said.
“The notches on one of the discs are not random, nor were they made to flatten the stone, as their distribution suggests.”
“So they also had a special meaning,” Molaro said.
Despite the backlash to Molaro and Bernardini’s paper, Krupp shares the authors’ interest in the possibility of identifying asterisms in ancient rock art, and Krupp plans to publish a paper soon. says they are currently investigating this topic in a new paper. But in the end, Krupp argues, a persuasive argument requires more than mere similarities.
“We need more than similar patterns,” Krupp said. Debriefing.
“We are pattern-seeking creatures, but we are not always rigorous in our efforts to determine whether the patterns we see make sense.”
“It goes beyond how well they match,” Krupp said.
Molaro and Bernardini’s paper “Possibility of stellar asterism carved in protohistoric stones” has recently been published. Astronomical memo You can read the full text here.
Micah Hanks is the editor-in-chief and co-founder of The Debrief. He can be reached via email. micah@thedebrief.org.follow his work micahhanks.com And in X: @MicahHanks.
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