Gender lens investing (GLI) is a thematic environmental, social, and governance (ESG) strategy that is inspired by women in leadership (WIL) and related gender equality criteria.
The primary publicly traded GLI equity funds available to individual investors include 12 global and 16 regional funds that together closed out 2020 with US$2.67 billion in assets under management (AUM). As a whole, they weathered the year’s economic storms well, with only one fund closing and three new ones launching.
Indeed, GLI equity funds performed in line with the broader market. While there are no clear sector winners on gender equality, information technology and financial services are the top two, according to an AUM-weighted allocation analysis, despite their own well-documented gender equity gaps. Country weightings are dominated by the United States at 58% followed by Canada and several Europe allocations,
Despite the ongoing demonstration of WIL benefits, progress has been painfully slow, particularly for women of color. Gender equality must be inclusive of racial, ethnic, and socio-economic diversity.
Stakeholders have started to address the disappointing pace of change. In the United Kingdom, the government-backed target of one-third female board membership by the end of 2020 for all FTSE 350 companies has been met by the index constituents. In the United States, the NASDAQ stock exchange filed a groundbreaking SEC proposal in December that would require board diversity for new listed companies.
How do GLI equity funds reflect the ESG approach and how well do they do it?
The WIL investment philosophy is rooted in corporate leadership and related measures that promote inclusive gender diversity. That captures the governance aspect — the G in ESG — in relationships with internal stakeholders. Some GLI funds also focus on supplier diversity and product safety, which applies an element of the social, or the S in ESG, with external stakeholders.
But what about the E? How are GLI equity funds performing on the environmental front? That is a critical questions given how starkly disproportionate environmental crises impact women.
The unequal toll that weather disasters, rising sea levels, and other climate change- related events exact from women, particularly in developing countries has been well researched. Women are more likely to live in poverty, less likely to own land, and more likely to lose education and livelihoods because of climate crisis. Discriminatory laws, lack of access to financial services, and the burdens of unpaid caregiving only add to the gender-unequal burden of climate change.
One outgrowth of this is the larger role women play as agents of climate solutions. In developing economies, women are leading many community-based efforts to address local climate impacts. Empowering women and girls has been ranked second among dozens of solutions to global warming. In developed markets, studies show that women are relatively more focused on climate change, and many eco-friendly products are marketed to women.
At least four of the 28 GLI equity funds are fossil fuel free, which indicates their alignment with ESG’s climate component. These include the PAX Ellevate Global Women’s Leadership Fund, the Desjardins SocieTerra Diversity Fund, and the Adasina Social Justice All-Cap Global exchange traded fund (ETF).
In addition, Robeco, the manager of the RobecoSAM Global Gender Equality Impact Equities Fund, announced that all of its funds would be fossil fuel free by the end of 2020. Five GLI equity fund managers recently pledged to align with the Paris Agreement’s emissions targets.
Where are the opportunities for these funds to invest in women in climate leadership? Women hold an estimated 32% of renewable energy jobs, compared to 22% of total energy roles. But most of these positions are lower-paying administrative roles rather than higher-paying STEM-related jobs. But strong growth is forecast for jobs in the renewable energy sector in the decades ahead, so clean energy industries will have the opportunity to promote inclusive gender equity and reap the rewards of diverse leadership.
The 28 GLI equity funds held 155 unique top 10 holdings at the end of the fourth quarter. The chart below shows the clean energy companies within those ranks and their WIL data.
Clean and Renewable Energy Firms in Top 10 Holdings of GLI Equity Funds, Listed Alphabetically
| Company | Country | Description | Women in leadership positions? | Female Representation on Board |
| Enbridge | Canada | Energy transportation provider and natural gas utility. Portfolio of renewable energy projects. | COO | 36% |
| Enphase Energy | US | Energy technology provider. Global leader in solar micro-converters. | None | 14% |
| First Solar | US | Leading global provider of solar power systems. | None | 20% |
| Meridian Energy | New Zealand | New Zealand’s largest generator of renewable energy from wind farms, hydro stations, and solar arrays. | None | 50% |
| Orstad AS | Denmark | State-owned energy producer. 100% renewable, including wind, solar, and renewable hydrogen. | CFO Deputy Chair | 22% |
| SolarEdge Technologies | Israel | Develops energy technology solutions for the residential, commercial, energy storage, and grid services markets. | None | 14% |
| Vestas Wind Systems | Denmark | Designs, manufactures, installs, and services wind turbines globally. | CFO | 33% |
Source: Parallelle Finance, as of 31 December 2020
Of course, there’s another side of the equation: How are ESG investments incorporating the gender lens philosophy? After all, various ESG reporting standards are jostling for leadership in the space.
Whichever frameworks eventually prevail should feature comprehensive metrics on inclusive gender equality. Indeed, all ESG reporting standards and requirements ought to be filtered through a gender lens. The leading standards have tended to focus on the materiality of ESG metrics by company and industry.
That said, ongoing research into the benefits of gender-diverse leadership — and the costs of lagging behind — are not sector-specific.
ESG standards should measure all corporations on the G of internal inclusive gender equality, the S of diversity and equity in external relationships, and the E of addressing the gender-unequal effect of climate change and environmental crisis.
ESG funds should then weight their investments towards the leaders on these metrics.
For more analysis from Marypat Smucker, CFA, visit Parallelle Finance.
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All posts are the opinion of the author. As such, they should not be construed as investment advice, nor do the opinions expressed necessarily reflect the views of CFA Institute or the author’s employer.
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