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Sunday, September 22, 2024

‘The most important battle of our lives’: 11 Chinese university students defeat professor accused of fabricating data

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Mr. HAZU stated that 10 papers that listed Mr. Huang as the corresponding author contained falsified data, and that textbooks edited and published by Mr. Huang used the content of others without clearly indicating the source. discovered. This book has been discontinued.

It was also found that he had misused funds and lacked due diligence as a tutor. According to HAZU, all 15 students in the lab have been reassigned to new supervisors.

At Huazhong Agricultural University in Wuhan, students took the unusual step of complaining to their supervisors.Photo: Handout

Although Huang’s decision to blow the whistle was successful, such accusations are rare in China, where there is a marked power imbalance between students and their supervisors.

In some cases, students may complain to their academic advisor, but since that role includes the power to greenlight a student’s paper, this usually waits until after graduation.

The students’ campaign began on January 16, when a 125-page letter accusing Huang of academic misconduct and encouraging student cheating was published on various online platforms in China.

Eleven of the 15 students in Huang’s lab (three doctoral students and 12 master’s students) signed the open letter. The Post has asked Hwang for a response to the allegations, but has not yet received a response.

One of the whistleblowers, Liu Xiaomeng, wrote in a diary-like letter: “I’ve had many breakdowns and never really figured out how to graduate while staying upright.”

She posted the letter on her social media accounts on January 17th, stating that she was assigned to a lab that lacked nearly all necessary research materials and equipment, and at one point was suddenly given data of unknown origin. He said he was asked to write a report. paper.

Professor Huang Feiluo was fired from the Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Department at Huazhong Agricultural University following an investigation following accusations by some students.Photo: Weibo

Fan Xiudi, director of the Center for Educational Evaluation and Research at Tongji University in Shanghai, said any student who speaks out against tutors in China could harm themselves, adding: “Universities may downplay scandals.” , students will be isolated.” ”.

“Students have to take great risks and even gamble with their academic futures. This suggests that something is wrong with our academic environment as a whole,” she said.

Four of the students, including Zhang, are scheduled to graduate in June. But they felt that if they kept quiet about their concerns, they would likely be asked to fabricate data in their papers.

This was not what they wanted, and ultimately the students decided to stand up and say no, Zhang said.

“We were worried about the possible consequences, but it had to be done,” he said in an interview before the university announced its decision. “I was prepared to lose my certificate and look for work in my hometown,” he told the Post.

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Another graduate student expressed support for the students’ “fight” on the social media platform Zhihu.

“The community has tolerated academic misconduct for a long time. But we can only turn a blind eye to widespread misconduct by some powerful academics,” the graduate student said.

After graduating from HZAU’s College of Life Sciences and Technology in 2018, Zhang said he is excited to join Huang’s research team while continuing his graduate studies at the university.

He recalled that when choosing his boss, he was drawn to Hwang’s glowing introduction on his official website. “His resume is filled with many outstanding academic achievements and various honors,” Zhang said.

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But in 2020, while still a doctoral student, he began to have doubts. He noticed that some students published his papers even though they appeared not to have conducted any experiments.

Zhang felt that some samples appeared to contain data that did not seem reasonable, despite claims that they had been sent for third-party testing.

Huang himself is a past student at HZAU and a rising star in the field of animal molecular nutrition and feed processing technology.

He was selected as a Distinguished Young Scholar in one of the most competitive talent programs in the country at the state level.

Chinese universities waste millions of dollars on research, produce no results, audit finds

He led many national research projects and also received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), which funds most of the country’s basic scientific research.

Mr. Huang received his bachelor’s degree from HZAU in 1999 and his Ph.D. in 2008. After he graduated, she began working at the university and was promoted to professor and doctoral supervisor in 2017. Before he was fired, he served as dean.

But the students’ accusations shattered his impressive resume, sparking a tsunami of public attention and online discussion.

Hwang’s students cited more than 30 questionable academic papers that they said contained evidence of fraud, including 15 published papers and 19 theses that he had supervised.

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These papers were mainly published between 2016 and 2023, and include the use of the same experimental graphs in different papers, graphs with obvious signs of splicing, and differences between original and published data suggesting data fabrication or manipulation. It is alleged that there was misconduct such as discrepancies between the two companies.

For example, in 2021, a paper with Huang as corresponding author was published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Hepatology, which included experimental images of “protein expression in mouse liver.”

However, the same image was also found in a paper by PhD student Tongxin Wang (first author of the paper), except in Wang’s study the data were from piglet livers.

In the letter, the students hinted that these were the only papers for which conclusive evidence could be obtained, and argued that there may be other papers that were falsified or fabricated. He said further investigation was needed.

On January 18, HZAU announced that the investigation team found that the issues raised by the students regarding experimental images, data, and research results were essentially true, and the university suspended Mr. Huang from all faculty positions and work. It was officially announced that.

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Hwang’s students allowed postdoctoral researchers to manipulate peer reviews, did not pay students’ monthly allowances on time, and forced students to falsify data to make their papers “perfect.” He also alleged that there were other unethical acts.

Over the past decade, the number of papers published by Chinese researchers in journals listed in the Science Citation Index (SCI), one of the major international benchmarks, has increased dramatically. Meanwhile, the issue of paper retractions has become more serious than ever.

A January report by mainland research agency Caixin cited data from Healsan Consulting and Retraction Watch and said there had been more than 50,000 retractions of SCI papers worldwide in the past decade.

The report found that more than a quarter of the papers retracted due to plagiarism, fake peer review, or unreliable data came from Chinese research. This figure rose to 75% in 2023.

Stem cell research in Nature did not receive ethical approval, Chinese academic society says

To be sure, Fan said academic fraud is a widespread phenomenon globally, but what worried her was that China’s academic ecosystem was facilitating its growth. .

One of the fundamental reasons, she said, is that the number of papers published is tied to too many benefits, such as promotions, funding, and various awards.

This can lead researchers to take unethical shortcuts, making it less important whether their work is truly relevant to society or whether their data is reliable. she said.

US team withdraws superconductivity research after Chinese researchers dispute results

Research institutions also wanted their staff to win awards because of the benefits, including improved rankings and increased competitiveness.

As a result, academic institutions tended to “coddle” the possibilities. fraudAccording to Hwang, it had become an “open secret.”

“Unethical incidents often surface after people outside the facility are exposed,” she says.

“Such an ecosystem can leave right-thinking students and researchers who are truly passionate about their research at a disadvantage or marginalized within groups and organizations. .”

28:19

What happens when China’s most educated people can’t find jobs?

What happens when China’s most educated people can’t find jobs?

The students said in an open letter that two postdoctoral fellows in Huang’s lab have published dozens of papers in top journals and are held up by Huang as role models. However, other members of the group had never seen them perform the experiment and noted that the lab’s equipment was surprisingly modest.

“So where did that experimental result come from? The answer is obvious: through manufacturing… Naturally, because this method is less time consuming, less expensive, and produces better results and higher yields. , become the preferred option for some people,” they wrote.

Academic misconduct was essentially an illegal “plunder” of resources and had far-reaching effects, Huang said.

In addition to issues at the research institution level, misconduct could create a negative and biased impression of Chinese research overall in the global scientific community, further impacting the country’s science and technology industry and economic competitiveness. He said it could be given.



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